Physical activity/Sports, Exercise and Health :
Introduction :-
"Lack of activity destroys the well being of every human being, while movement and systematic physical exercise protect and preserve it." -Plato
In globalization, physical inactivity is now recognized as the fourth major risk factor for increasing mortality rates as well as increasing the risk of various communicable diseases.
In this article, it is widely recognized that regular physical activity and exercise reduce the risk of premature death. Additionally, physical activity reduces risk factors for various chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, depression and osteoporosis. Physical activity and exercise are an important part of a healthy lifestyle and recent scientific evidence has suggested that regular physical activity and exercise have a wide range of physical and mental health benefits. Previous literature has shown a strong association between physical activity and risk for several chronic diseases, including coronary heart disease, hypertension, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and colon cancer (Caspersen et al., 1985). In fact, researchers recommend that 12 percent of the total number of annual deaths in the United States are due to a lack of regular physical activity. In addition, physical activity and regular exercise play an important role in the physical and mental health of all ages. Staying physically active can help you continue doing the things you love and keep you independent as you get older.
Regular physical activity and prolonged exercise can provide long-term health reimbursements. So, health experts say that older adults should be active every day to help maintain their health. In addition, physical activity and regular exercise can reduce the risk of diseases and disabilities developing as people get older. Exercise is an effective treatment for many chronic conditions. For example, arthritis, heart disease, or diabetes benefit from regular exercise. Exercise also helps people with high blood pressure, balance problems, or difficulty walking. Physical activity and exercise make a huge contribution to the lives of individuals. The benefits of physical activity and exercise include well-being/happiness, improved physical and mental health of the individuals participating. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the benefits of physical activity and exercise for health.
Physical Activity/Sports
Physical activity can be thought of as any physical movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. The amount of energy required to complete an activity can be measured in kilojoules (kJ) or kilocalories (kcal); 4.184 kJ is basically equal to 1 kcal (1). In particular kJ is preferred because it is a measure of energy expenditure, on the other hand, traditionally kcal, a measure of heat, has been used more often. There are various techniques for the assessment of physical activity, from behavioral observation and self-report to motion sensors.
Certain physical activities can have many diverse physiological consequences. For example, running and cycling enhance aerobic fitness or endurance; Increase muscle strength by weight training or using resistance bands; Yoga and stretching exercises increase flexibility and balance. In the present study, physical activity is classified into two terms i.e. aerobic activities and non-aerobic activities. Aerobic – activities mean light to vigorous – intensity physical activity that requires more oxygen than passive behavior and thus increases cardiovascular fitness and other health benefits such as jumping rope, biking, swimming, running; Playing football, basketball or volleyball.
Anaerobic - activities mean intense physical activity that is short in duration and requires the breakdown of energy sources in the absence of sufficient oxygen. Energy sources are replenished as a person recovers from activity. Anaerobic activity includes running, swimming or biking while running, requiring maximum performance during brief periods.
Exercise/Workout
Any physical activity can be considered exercise, but when it comes to exercise, it usually means activities that are done intentionally for fitness or training, not something that is part of our daily routine. Is. In other words, exercise is a subset of physical activity i.e. planned, structured and repetitive. Exercise is often concerned with the maintenance or improvement of physical fitness. There are different types of exercises such as calisthenics, flexibility (stretching), isokinetic, isotonic, muscle-fitness. Calisthenics refers to isotonic muscle-fitness exercise that overloads the muscles by forcing them to work at a higher level than normal.
Flexibility (stretching) refers to an exercise designed to stretch the muscles and tendons to increase the flexibility or range of motion of the joints. Each part of the body requires specific flexibility exercises. Kinetic refers to a muscle-fitness exercise in which the amount of force is equal to the amount of resistance, so that there is no movement. Isotonic is defined as a muscle-fitness exercise in which the amount of force is constant throughout the range of motion, that is, muscle shortening (concentric contraction), and muscle lengthening (eccentric contraction). Finally, muscular fitness is also known as progressive resistance exercise. It can be thought of as an exercise designed to build muscle strength and endurance by giving more weight to the muscles. Common forms of muscle fitness exercise include isokinetic, isometric and isotonic.
Physical Activity/Sports, Exercise And Health
Physical activity and exercise are of great importance in the present age. It is good for health and fitness, it is very soothing. In other words, we can say that physical activity and exercise which, through casual or organized participation, maintain or improve physical fitness and provide entertainment to the participants. However, there is a clear view that physical activity and exercise have positive health benefits through the reduction of chronic diseases and improvements in physical and mental health.
There is increasing evidence that there is a strong empirical and theoretical relationship between physical activity and positive health outcomes. In addition, regular participation in physical activity and exercise is associated with a longer and better quality of life, a lower risk of a variety of diseases, and many psychological and emotional benefits. Researchers show that inactivity is one of the most important causes of death, disability and decreased quality of life in the developed world. Physical activity and exercise can affect the physical health of youth.
First, it may affect the causes of the disease during childhood and puberty. Evidence suggests a positive association between physical activity and factors affecting physical health, such as diabetes, blood pressure and the ability to use fat for energy.
Second, physical activity can reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Plus, regular activity that begins in childhood helps improve bone health. There also appears to be a general trend towards an increase in childhood obesity in many countries. Childhood obesity is known to have a significant impact on both physical and mental health, including high blood pressure and abnormal glucose tolerance. Physical activity, considered an important aspect of a weight control program for youth, increases caloric expenditure and promotes fat reduction. In addition, there has been evidence of higher rates of mental illness in adolescents and even young children, ranging from low self-esteem, anxiety and depression to eating disorders, substance abuse, and suicide.
Research suggests two ways in which physical activity may contribute to mental health among youth.
First, there is fairly reliable evidence that regular activity can have a positive effect on psychological well-being.
Second, research has indicated that physical activity may contribute to reducing problematic levels of anxiety and depression (WHO). Therefore, physical activity and exercise can affect the physical and mental health of youth.